2-AIN-506 a 2-AIN-252: Seminár z bioinformatiky (2) a (4)
Leto 2019
Abstrakt

Suhas S. P. Rao, Miriam H. Huntley, Neva C. Durand, Elena K. Stamenova, Ivan D. Bochkov, James T. Robinson, Adrian L. Sanborn, Ido Machol, Arina D. Omer, Eric S. Lander, Erez Lieberman Aiden. A 3D map of the human genome at kilobase resolution reveals principles ofchromatin looping. Cell, 159(7):1665-1670. 2014.

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Abstract:

We use in situ Hi-C to probe the 3D architecture of genomes, constructing haploid
and diploid maps of nine cell types. The densest, in human lymphoblastoid cells, 
contains 4.9 billion contacts, achieving 1 kb resolution. We find that genomes
are partitioned into contact domains (median length, 185 kb), which are
associated with distinct patterns of histone marks and segregate into six
subcompartments. We identify approximately 10,000 loops. These loops frequently
link promoters and enhancers, correlate with gene activation, and show
conservation across cell types and species. Loop anchors typically occur at
domain boundaries and bind CTCF. CTCF sites at loop anchors occur predominantly
(>90%) in a convergent orientation, with the asymmetric motifs \"facing\" one
another. The inactive X chromosome splits into two massive domains and contains
large loops anchored at CTCF-binding repeats.